尼古拉·特斯拉（Nikola Tesla）

永远

也许你现在还不了解尼古拉•特斯拉。那么，现在让我给你介绍他吧。Maybe you don't know Nichola Tesla right now. Now let me introduce him to you. 尼古拉·特斯拉（Nikola Tesla，1856年7月10日—1943年1月7日），塞尔维亚裔美籍发明家、物理学家、机械工程师、电气工程师。Nikola Tesla (July 10, 1856 - January 7, 1943) is a Serb American inventor, physicist, mechanical engineer and electrical engineer. 1856年7月10日，尼古拉·特斯拉出生在奥地利帝国斯米湾村一个塞族家庭，父母都是塞尔维亚人，他是五个孩子中的老四。这个村庄位于奥地利帝国（今属克罗地亚共和国）的利卡省戈斯皮奇附近。1862年时他的家庭移居到戈斯皮奇。On July 10, 1856, Nikolai Tesla was born to a Serb family in the village of smiwan, Austria. His parents were both Serbs. He was the fourth of five children. The village is located near gospich in the province of Lika in the Austrian Empire (now the Republic of Croatia). His family moved to gospich in 1862. 1882年秋，特斯拉到爱迪生电话公司巴黎分公司当工程师，并成功设计出第一台感应电机模型。1884年，他前往美国，在爱迪生实验室工作，从此留在美国并加入美国国籍。In the autumn of 1882, Tesla worked as an engineer in the Paris branch of Edison telephone company and successfully designed the first induction motor model. In 1884, he went to the United States and worked in Edison's laboratory. He stayed in the United States and became a U.S. citizen. 1886年特斯拉成立了自己的公司，公司负责安装特斯拉设计的弧光照明系统，并且设计了发电机的电力系统整流器，该设计是特斯拉取得的第一个专利。1891年特斯拉取得了特斯拉线圈的专利。同年的7月31日，特斯拉成为美国公民。In 1886, Tesla set up its own company, which was responsible for the installation of the arc lighting system designed by Tesla, and designed the power system rectifier of the generator, which was the first patent obtained by Tesla. In 1891, Tesla patented the Tesla coil. On July 31 of the same year, Tesla became an American citizen. 在赢得著名的19世纪80年代的“电流之战”及在1894年成功进行短波无线通信试验之后，特斯拉被认为是当时美国最伟大的电气工程师之一。他的许多发现被认为是具有开创性的，是电机工程学的先驱。1891年，特斯拉在成功试验了把电力以无线能量传输的形式送到了目标用电器之后，致力于商业化的洲际电力无线输送，并且以此为设想建造了沃登克里弗塔。After winning the famous "battle of the current" in the 1880s and conducting a successful HF wireless communication experiment in 1894, Tesla was considered to be one of the greatest electrical engineers in the United States at that time. Many of his discoveries are considered groundbreaking and pioneers in electrical engineering. In 1891, after successfully experimenting with wireless power transmission to target appliances, Tesla committed to commercial intercontinental wireless power transmission, and built the Walden Clifford tower. 20世纪30年代，接近生命的尾声阶段，特斯拉变得深居简出，独居于纽约市的一个旅馆里，偶尔会向新闻界发表一些不同寻常的声明。因举止怪异，特斯拉被普遍认为是“疯狂科学家”的原型。1943年1月7日，终生未娶的特斯拉在纽约人旅馆因心脏衰竭逝世，享年86岁。In the 1930s, near the end of his life, Tesla became isolated, living alone in a hotel in New York City, occasionally making unusual statements to the press. Because of his strange behavior, Tesla is generally regarded as the prototype of "crazy scientist". On January 7, 1943, Tesla, who was never married, died of heart failure at the new Yorker Hotel at the age of 86.